| Title |
Abstract |
| Three new frogs (Eleutherodactylus: leptodactylidae) from cloud
forests in eastern Departamento Caldas, Colombia |
Three new species of the genus Eleutherodactylus are named from
cloud forests on the eastern slopes of the Cordillera Central in Departamento
Caldas, Colombia. these three species are a part of a large fauna
of frogs from those forests. In a transect between 600 and 2600 m,
32 species of Eleutherodactylus were found, the majority of which
were found in forests between 1700 and 2250 m. |
| Seis nuevas especies de Eleutherodactylus Duméril & Bibron, 1841
(Amphibia: Leptodactylidae) del norte de la Cordillera Occidental
de Colombia |
Six new species of the genus Eleutherodactylus are named from the
cloud forest of the Northern Cordillera Occidental of Colombia. Two
of the species appear closely related to species found on the Amazonian
slopes of the Andes in Colombia and/or Ecuador (one from Western Antioquia
is the sister species of E. ganonotus and the other from the Serranía
de los Paraguas is the sister species of E. pugnax). With the descriptions
of these six species, the cloud forest fauna of the Northern Cordillera
Occidental includes 33 species of Eleutherodactylus, of which 30 are
endemic to Colombia. Even at elevations of 1900 to 2000m., twelve
to fifteen species of Eleutherodactylus co-occur. |
| Biogeographic Patterns of Colombian Frogs and Toads |
Using the data provided in Ruiz-Carranza et al. (1996) the distributions
of the 540 species of frogs and toads are partitioned among ten ecogeographic
units of Colombia defined on the basis of precipitation and elevation.
Some lowlands areas (Pacific lowlands, Amazonia) exhibit high diversity
(85-94 species) but lowlands areas in general are impoverished (30-52
species), especially when contrasted with upland areas. The three
Andean cordilleras harbor between 87 and 121 species of frogs and
toads, demonstrating that the biodiversity of Colombia resides primarily
in its montane components, not in its lowland rainforests. When biological
endemicity is separated from political endemicity, five areas of high
endemicity remain (the three Andean cordilleras, the Sierra Nevada
de Santa Marta, and the Pacific lowlands). We endeavor to explain
this description by recourse to cladistic analyses of several groups
of leptodactylid frogs where we find that the general pattern of diversification
is by means of horizontal diversification (allopatric speciation)
with a minor contribution from vertical diversification. |
| Intrageneric Relationships of Mainland Eleutherodactylus II.
A review of the Electherodactylus Sulcatus Group |
Nine species are recognized in the Eleutherodactylus sulcatus group,
including one species described as new. Frogs of this species group
are distributed in cloud forests of Colombia and Ecuador as well as
at lower elevations in the western Amazon basin (Brasil, Colombia,
Ecuador, and Peru) and along the frontier between Colombia and Panama.
A cladistic analysis (based on cranial morphology) results in a nearly
fully resolved cladogram. The cloud forest species form a clade within
the species group. All pairs of sister species are allopatric but
some biogeographic paralogy suggests that initial Andean diversification
of this clade antedates the present Andean geography. |
| A new species of Gastrotheca (Amphibia: Anura: Hylidae) from
the Cordillera Occidental of Colombia |
A new species of red Gastrotheca is named from the cloud forests
of the northern part of the Cordillera Occidental of Colombia. The
new species appears to be very closely related to G. bufona and G.
guentheri but is readily distinguished by the red coloration in life,
the red throats of males, a blue-white patch on the lower eyelid,
and its deep frontoparietal furrow. The new species exhibits direct
development and is sympatric with the larger G. guentheri at some
localities in northwestern Colombia. |
| Dying Frogs in Western Colombia: Catastrophe or Trivial Observation? |
The encounter of dead or dying frogs of seven cloud forest species
in July 1997 during an unusually dry period in the Serranía de los
Paraguas could be an indication of a collapse of a rich fauna. Subsequent
study suggests that the populations are healthy and that the observations
are trivial. |
| New Species of Eleutherodactylus from the Cordillera Occidental
of Western Colombia. With a Synopsis of the Distributions of Species
in Western Colombia |
Nine additional species of Eleutherodactylus are described from
the Cordillera Occidental. One of these occurs in the transition between
lowland forests and cloud forests in northwestern Colombia, one is
found in cloud forests of western Antioquia, another is found in cloud
forests between Cali and Popayán, and the remainder are species found
on the Serranía de los Paraguas. The distributions of the 102 species
of Eleutherodactylus found in western Colombia are summarized using
data from a series of transects. |
| Additional New Species of Frogs (genus Eleutherodactylus) from
Cloud Forests of Eastern Departamento de Caldas, Colombia |
Four additional species of the genus Eleutherodactylus are described
from the high cloud forests of the municipalities of Pensilvania and
Samaná, Caldas. With these descriptions, 18 species of the genus have
been recorded from this small region lying between 1800 and 2150 meters.
|
| A New frog (Genus Eleutherodactylus) from Cloud Forests of Southern
Boyacá |
A new species of Eleutherodactylus is described from a single locality
in southern Boyacá. It is the sister species of E. nervicus, known
from the páramos associated with Laguna Chingaza in Departamento Cundinamarca.
The new species is larger than E. nervicus and has larger digital
disks. |
| Centrolenid Frogs from Colombia. X: The Centrolenids of a Profile
of the Easter Flank of the Cordillera Central in Departamento Caldas
|
Twelve species of centrolenid frogs are reported along a transect
over the eastern slope of the Cordillera Central in Departamento Caldas
between 620 and 2650m. The centrolenid fauna in eastern Caldas includes
five species of Centrolene (C. antioquiensis, C. buckleyi, C. geckoideum,
C. prosoblepon and C. robledoi) seven of Cochranella (C. griffithsi,
C. posadae, C. punctulata, C. savagei, C. susatamai, and two species
of the ocellata group described as new species), and one Hyalinobatrachium
(H. colymbiphyllum). Four of these species have traditionally been
viewed as western or chocoan elements. In the transect, a single species
occurs below 1000m (C. punctulata) whereas between 1100 and 1700m,
one finds six species and between 1700 and 2650m one finds six species
(one new species occurs in each of these units, between 1100 and 2000m).
Above 2800m, one finds only Centrolene buckleyi. Is redescribed Centrolene
antioquiensis. |
Hear a song!
